Participation

Since the beginning of the survey, 865 Single caregivers have participated in RAPID.

These analyses are based on responses collected from 8390 caregivers between the dates of April 06, 2020 and November 21, 2020. These caregivers represent a range of voices: 5.89% are Black/African American, 11.75% are LatinX, and 20.95% live at or below 1.5 times the federal poverty line. Proportions/percentages are calculated based on the item-level response rates, not out of the total sample size. The data for these analyses are not weighted.

Demographics

Age

Income

Income is presented in thousands of dollars per year.

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
income.cat statistic p.value
< 20k 541.70 < .001
20k-40k 57.12 < .001
40k-60k 7.01 .008
60k-80k 36.60 < .001
80k-100k 43.51 < .001
100k-150k 102.29 < .001
150k-200k 31.62 < .001
200k+ 23.25 < .001

Poverty

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
poverty_cat statistic p.value
Above 1.5 x FPL 453.36 < .001
Below 1.5 x FPL 453.36 < .001

Employment

Employment change

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
employment_change statistic p.value
Became Employed 0.01 > .999
Became Unemployed 13.14 .001
Stable Employed 0.06 > .999
Stable Other 19.11 < .001
Stable Unemployed 4.08 .131

Race

Ethnicity

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
latinx_cat statistic p.value
non-Latinx 0.23 > .999
Latinx 0.23 > .999

Single parent households

Mental health (raw scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-4.99 43.74 48.73 -5.21 < .001 1164.39 -6.87 -3.11 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

effect group term estimate std.error statistic p.value
fixed (Intercept) 45.20 0.37 121.68 < .001
fixed SP1 1.08 0.03 42.67 < .001
fixed group_fSingle 6.33 0.99 6.38 < .001
fixed SP2 -0.16 0.05 -3.42 .001
fixed SP1:group_fSingle -0.03 0.07 -0.37 .712
fixed group_fSingle:SP2 0.05 0.15 0.33 .745
ran_pars CaregiverID sd__(Intercept) 17.16
ran_pars Residual sd__Observation 14.72

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Single caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship < .001 .792
work_status .018 < .001
age .178 .350
race_ethnic < .001 .627
income.cat .464 .818
poverty_cat .141 < .001

Figures (within sample)

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## [[1]]$material_hardship

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## [[2]]$work_status

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## [[3]]$race_ethnic

Figures (between sample)

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Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-1.92 41.76 43.68 -1.59 .113 1175.87 -4.29 0.45 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.16 29.62 35.78 -5.52 < .001 1164.02 -8.35 -3.97 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-3.82 55.93 59.75 -3.13 .002 1186.11 -6.22 -1.42 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-8.03 47.71 55.74 -7.36 < .001 1154.26 -10.17 -5.89 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

## [1] "### Text-based (average)"

Text-based (average)

## [1] "### Text-based (Over time)"

Text-based (Over time)

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.57 38.82 44.38 -4.85 < .001 1140.51 -7.81 -3.32 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-4.51 51.22 55.72 -3.41 .001 1163.2 -7.11 -1.91 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.65 26.37 33.02 -4.93 < .001 1122.48 -9.3 -4.01 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Mental health (change scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.45 10.74 10.29 0.61 .545 1136.72 -1.01 1.92 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

effect group term estimate std.error statistic p.value
fixed (Intercept) 18.65 0.29 64.28 < .001
fixed SP1 1.08 0.02 47.67 < .001
fixed group_fSingle 0.11 0.80 0.14 .890
fixed SP2 -0.20 0.04 -5.07 < .001
fixed SP1:group_fSingle 0.00 0.06 0.07 .945
fixed group_fSingle:SP2 -0.22 0.13 -1.75 .081
ran_pars CaregiverID sd__(Intercept) 8.63
ran_pars Residual sd__Observation 13.99

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Single caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship .001 .792
work_status .007 < .001
age .215 .350
race_ethnic < .001 .627
income.cat .093 .818
poverty_cat < .001 < .001

Figures (within sample)

## [[1]]
## [[1]]$material_hardship

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## [[2]]$work_status

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## [[3]]$race_ethnic

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## [[4]]$poverty_cat

Figures (between sample)

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Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
2.03 10.21 8.18 2.06 .040 1143.64 0.09 3.96 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.35 7.97 7.62 0.43 .667 1159.71 -1.25 1.96 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.69 14.64 13.95 0.62 .537 1149.64 -1.5 2.88 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.69 14.64 13.95 0.62 .537 1149.64 -1.5 2.88 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-3.14 8.64 11.79 -3.3 .001 1091.09 -5.01 -1.27 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-1.75 10.85 12.6 -1.53 .126 1119.78 -3.99 0.49 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-4.52 6.4 10.92 -4.22 < .001 1090.72 -6.62 -2.42 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Material hardship

Overall

Types of hardship

t-tests comparing hardship across groups. p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction.
category difference statistic p.value df
food -0.2268913 -10.830555 < .001 750.9779
house -0.2333531 -11.373076 < .001 803.1689
utilities -0.2638267 -13.673962 < .001 944.5964
healthcare -0.1081599 -5.095698 < .001 504.0660
social -0.1628722 -7.549425 < .001 523.4243
emotional -0.1882397 -8.652660 < .001 551.3080
childcare -0.2354521 -10.858894 < .001 566.0346
other -0.0939935 -5.330596 < .001 409.3812

By Week

## [1] "## Chain Reaction{.tabset}"

Chain Reaction

mediation model within group
term estimate std.error p.value
acme_0 7.563 1.053 0.000
acme_1 7.563 1.053 0.000
ade_0 5.515 2.114 0.008
ade_1 5.515 2.114 0.008 
## 
##  Test of ACME(covariates.1) - ACME(covariates.2) = 0
## 
## data:  estimates from Mod.Med_test
## ACME(covariates.1) - ACME(covariates.2) = -1.0237, p-value = 0.36
## alternative hypothesis: true ACME(covariates.1) - ACME(covariates.2) is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -3.040506  1.162988
## 
## 
##  Test of ADE(covariates.1) - ADE(covariates.2) = 0
## 
## data:  estimates from Mod.Med_test
## ADE(covariates.1) - ADE(covariates.2) = -1.3556, p-value = 0.46
## alternative hypothesis: true ADE(covariates.1) - ADE(covariates.2) is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -5.353376  2.232069

Correlations

Within r params$grp.name caregivers

Childcare

On average

Type of childcare (average)

Type of childcare (over time)

By week

Discrimination

Concerns for children (average)

Concerns for children (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and concerns for children is NOT significantly different for Single caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and concerns for children is significantly different for Single caregivers

Discrimination (average)

Discrimination (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and discrimination for children is NOT significantly different for Single caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and discrimination for children is NOT significantly different for Single caregivers